Project Management Wembley Essay

Project Description The aim of the Wembley Stadium project was to build a new 90,000 seat state of art stadium. The new stadium was going to be used for a variety of functions ranging from football and rugby matches to concerts and private events. The stadium was to have a 50-year design life, and be both functional and architecturally significant. In addition, it was essential that the stadium allowed as much daylight and ventilation to reach the pitch as possible. A main goal was to have the build achieve UEFA five-star stadium status. The project was to be funded by a combination of state (National Lottery Fund) and private investment. Multiplex Multiplex is a global contractor based in Australia with expertise across the entire property sector. John Roberts started the firm in 1962 and was President for the next 44 years. In 2002, Roberts passed control of the firm to his son, Andrew. However, one of the last deals that John brought to the table before his retirement was the Wembley Stadium project. Multiplex had completed a number of stadiums prior to the Wembley project, most notably Stadium Australia. Stadium Australia was used as the Olympic stadium for the 2000 summer Olympics. It was constructed at a cost of $690 million and was able to hold 110,000 spectators. Although the Stadium Australia project was a success, Multiplex began to realize that their was much more risk in stadium construction than large-scale landmark buildings. Multiplex won the Wembley stadium contract after selection through a competitive bidding process in 1999. The bidding process was first narrowed down to two bids, however, it was eventually reopened to include two additional contractors. After final review, Multiplex signed a contract to  complete Wembley stadium at a fixed-price cost of  £352m. Mott MacDonald Mott MacDonald was the lead designer of the new Wembley stadium. They are a UK based employee-owned multidisciplinary consulting serving the public and private sectors world-wide. Cleveland Bridge Cleveland Bridge was the initial steel contractor associated with the project. They are based in Darlington, England and have a renowned reputation for bridge building. The Old Wembley Stadium The Empire Stadium in Wembley, popularly known as Wembley Stadium, was the most famous football ground in the world. After it opened in 1923, it evolved into England’s national team stadium for football matches. The FA Cup Final between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United on April 28, 1923 was the first event to take place at Wembley Stadium. The official attendance for the event was 126,047, which is still the largest for any football match in England. A year later, international football made its debut as England tied 1-1 with Scotland. Since then Wembley has hosted 78 FA Cup Finals, 258 England senior internationals, the 1966 World Cup, 40 League Cup Finals, 6 European Cup Finals, and Euro’96. However, it is not just football that has made Wembley stadium great through the years. In 1948, Great Britain won 23 medals at the Olympic games featured at the stadium. In addition, the stadium has hosted such events as boxing matches, rugby championships, greyhound racing, hockey, and even Evel Knivel. With some much history and importance, it was no surprise that a modern stadium was needed to continue the Wembley tradition into the next century. Project Goals The goal of the project was to create a new modern stadium that would continue in the tradition of Empire Stadium. As pointed out in the history section, the greatest tradition was football. In order to attract major football events (FA Cup, UEFA Finals, World Cup) the stadium must be built to five-star status. In order to adhere to this standards, the stadium must meet the minimum requirements in terms of the size of playing field, floodlighting, VIP parking, seat capacity, VIP seats, VIP seats for visiting team, VIP hospitality, media working area, space for camera’s, number of box seats, number of commentary positions, number of TV studios, outside van area, and press conference seats. B. Reasons for Project Failure The new Wembley stadium was completed in 2007—five years late,  £360m over budget, and surrounded by legal disputes. Before we perform our analysis, we would like to highlight some of the facts that lead to failure. Design Multiplex argued that Mott MacDonald’s design for the Wembley steel work was not fit for purpose and that the initial designs were not correct, constructible, coordinated and consistent. In other words, although the design looked good, it was very challenging and maybe impossible to replicate to scale. Scope Changes The initial scope was to include football, rugby, and athletics in the same stadium. This later became very controversial and resulted in the removal of athletics from the design in 1999, because of the technical and commercial challenges of accommodating three sports within the same stadium. In 2001, the scope was further changed with the removal of a hotel from the project, the expansion of hospitality suites, and considerably changes to the north side of the stadium. These changes took Mott MacDonald an additional 8 months to redesign. Contracting There was no formal bidding process. In addition, it appeared that not all bidders were treated equally. This can be seen when the bidding process was opened back up after the contractors were narrowed down to the final two. Anchoring to a Completion Date When it became a prime objective to finish the project in time for the 2006 FA Cup Final, efficiency and cost effectiveness became secondary issues. It appears many problems could have been avoided if Multiplex did not have to rush the job in order to meet unrealistic expectations. Multiplex claims that it has sustained significant losses as a result of a magnitude of contract breaches and acts of negligence by the client. Loss of Steel Contractor Cleveland Bridge terminated their contract in 2004 because they did not believe that they would be paid for materials and because they felt like the differences between them and Multiplex were too great. This was a major setback to the project. Multiplex now had to search and integrate a new steel contractor for the job. Communication Apart from the major changes in the scope, Multiplex was not given access to  vital design information. In turn, Multiplex underpriced the steelwork. Mott MacDonald had thought that Multiplex was aware of the state of design because they managed the design process and had intimately been involved in the design work.

Understanding Do My Research Papers

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The And Family Therapist Is Influenced By Personal...

The decision to embark on the journey to become a marriage and family therapist is commonly influenced by personal experiences that impact and transform an individual. My experience involves countless medical appointments, multiple misdiagnoses, and an extraordinary will to persevere. The culmination of this arduous experience was my son’s Autism diagnosis at the age of three, prior to this diagnosis I worked tirelessly to obtain the help my child my needed. Being a parent of a special needs child leaves little to no option of failing; hence my child has taught me to be strong, even in the most difficult and darkest times of my life. This experience inspired me to help other families and individuals encountering hardship. As I began the†¦show more content†¦The therapists I met adhered to the medical model, which in turn resulted in minimizing the importance of culture, personal experience, and knowledge of child rearing. Often times, I felt criticized and inadequate as a parent because I was not following the â€Å"North American† model of raising children. I migrated to this country in 1988, at the height of the Nicaraguan civil war in the midst of violence and famine. Nevertheless, my Nicaraguan culture transcended borders, including the collectivist form of raising children. In Nicaragua the entire family, including extended family members (grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins) help raise children. Undoubtedly, these child-rearing practices present unique challenges for Nicaraguan and Latino migrants living in a society that encourages and rewards individualism. Almost thirty years have passed since I migrated, but some traditions and culture remain unchanged. Consequently the idea of including extended family members in my child’s upbringing seemed unrealistic to most of the therapists I met; why would I want to include my extended family members in decisions concerning my child? Why would I want my mother’s opinion and guidance regarding my son’s Autism diagnosis? Nonetheless, this strange notion inhibited the therapeutic relationship, what was strange and appalling to some therapists, was normalized by a culturally competent marriage and family therapist. At last, I

Masks Of Deceased Persons Ancient Egypt - 792 Words

Masks of deceased persons are part of traditions in many countries. The most important process of the funeral ceremony in ancient Egypt was the mummification of the body, which, after prayers and consecration, was put into a sarcophagus enameled and decorated with gold and gems. A special element of the rite was a sculpted mask, put on the face of the deceased. This mask was believed to strengthen the spirit of the mummy and guard the soul from evil spirits on its way to the afterworld. The best known mask is that of Tutankhamun now in the Egyptian Antiquities Museum in Cairo. Made of gold and gems, the mask conveys the features of the ancient ruler. Most funerary masks were not made of solid gold, however, living persons in ancient Egypt might have employed transformational spells to assume nonhuman forms. These masks were not made from casts of the features; rather, the mummification process itself preserved the features of the deceased. Masks were a very important aspect of Ancient Egyptian burials. In common with the anthropoid coffin they provided the dead with a face in the afterlife. In addition they also enabled the spirit to recognize the body. Masked priests, priestesses or magicians, disguising themselves as divine beings, such as Anubis or Beset, almost assuredly assumed such identities to exert the powers associated with those deities. Funerary masks and other facial coverings for mummies emphasized the ancient Egyptian belief in the fragile state ofShow MoreRelatedThe Contents of the Tomb and What They Suggest About Life in Ancient Egypt at the Time of Tutankamun687 Words   |  3 PagesThe Contents of the Tomb and What They Suggest About Life in Ancient Egypt at the Time of Tutankamun Archaeological evidence from the tomb of Tutankhamun provides substantial information about life Kingdom Egypt in the eighteenth dynasty. From the archaeological evidence gained from the tombs conclusions can be drawn about religion and the afterlife, the everyday life of ancient Egyptians, of Government during the five hundred year period, and of the arts and sciences ofRead MoreThe Egyptian Mummy Mask895 Words   |  4 PagesThe Egyptian Mummy Mask from the early Roman Period is unique and beautiful in every way possible. This mask that is on display in the Museum of Fine Arts Boston is about 3 feet tall to about 2 feet wide. This certain piece of magnificent art is extremely detailed with intricate designs covering it all around. The Museum of Fine Arts makes it easy to pay attention to, because of its detail and how the mask is displayed. The Mummy Mask has it’s own small alter with a spot light shining down on itRead MoreEssay about Death in Ancient Egyptian Culture2526 Words   |  11 Pages Every individual experiences the act of death, and most persons experience the death of someone they know of. Whether family, kin, or someone infamous, the living deal with the process of dying. Anthropology seeks to understand the universal process of death ritual and how different cultures deal with death differently. An anthropologist can extract social values of a given culture, past or present, from how death ceremony is practiced. Such values could be regarding political hierarchy or an individual’sRead MoreHistory of Portraiture Essay example687 Words   |  3 Pagesspontaneity and the sensation of life. The history of portraiture spans most of the history of Western art, from the art of ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations to the modern art of Europe and North America. The Romans were expert in rendering individuals. Some scholars have argued that it was the practice of making and keeping death masks of ancestors (worn by survivors in the funeral processions) that accounts for the enormous skill with which Roman portraitistsRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian History And Culture1814 Words   |  8 PagesThe history of Ancient Egypt is one of the most highly admired and studied cultures of all the past world civilizations. The fascination of the sphinx and the questioning of the pyramids have typically led archeologists to devote their time and efforts into unraveling the mysteries and figuring out the ways of the Egyptian culture. However, some may argue that the alluring aspect of the Ancient Egyptian history and culture is mummification. Some people bury their dead in the ground so that theirRead MoreThe Rituals Of The Ancient Egyptian Civilization1725 Words   |  7 Pagespertaining to the ancient Egyptian civilization are both fascinating and the backbone for modern funeral practices today. The funerary culture of the ancient Egyptians show some of the earliest work in regards to the care of the deceased. While very little is known directly from t he Egyptians themselves, Ancient Greeks, historians and the myriad of finds thanks to past and present archeology have helped shed light on the culture of embalming and death care practices. The ancient Egyptians livedRead MoreThe Last Judgment of Hunefer2265 Words   |  10 Pagespapyrus can be found in The British Museum in London, England. Starting at the bottom left of the painting, there are two figures: a human who is being judged, and the jackal headed Anubis facing a scale. The scale is used to weigh the heart of the person being judged. Seen overhead, there’s a pattern of smaller figures known as the deities that the judged had to swear virtuousness to. On the bottom and middle of the painting, a man with the head of an Ibis, Thoth is recording the results of the weighingRead MoreAncient Egypt: Introductory Speech3464 Words   |  14 PagesANCIENT EGYPT By Jessica Maimoun Introductory Speech Good morning Miss Separovic and fellow Classmates, its Monday’s first spring of 2010, but before i get carried away by god’s gift to humankind let’s get to work. Today I’m here to share with you, a bit about what i have been researching over the past few weeks. In case you didn’t know, it’s about ancient society’s beliefs, myths, gods and Religion. But today i will be focusing, in particular on Ancient Egypt. Read MoreHuman Sacrifice Is Important Matter And Human Behavior1663 Words   |  7 Pagesevolution of ancient civilization. It is the act of killing human. Usually human sacrifice comes with deity as a ritual activity. Throughout history, human sacrifice has been practiced in diverse cultures and different civilizations. As far as I know, there are some bizarre methods of human sacrifice in history. In Ancient Egypt, pharaohs had the highest positions in Egyptian society not only in religion but also in politics. In early pharaonic civilization, as long as pharaohs deceased, pharaohs wereRead MoreThe Afterlife Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesfar to what it means today. I would like to journey back in time to what death meant in the days of which Herodotus traveled. Herodotus journeyed from his home, Greece, to the land of the Egyptians. There he looks at mummification, a death ritual in Egypt with a Greek perspective. I would like to examine the similarities and differences between the Greeks and Egyptian death rituals through comparing their meaning of death, processes of burial, and their journey through death. Before we can look at

Emo Subculture Free Essays

The Emo subculture consists of two distinct groups. The Emo Subculture The term â€Å"Emo† that is now applied to individuals originated as short hand for â€Å"Emotional music† Traditional Emo Sub-Culture This â€Å"emotional music† draws from a broad range of contemporary genres linked with the common consistent themes of emotionally vivid views often associated with adolescence. For many youths of the mid-80s this music functioned as a safe-haven for emotional expression. We will write a custom essay sample on Emo Subculture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over time a subculture was formed around this mutual appreciation and in turn became a safe-haven where youths could freely express themselves while facilitating social interactions and identity formation for these introspective people. From this sprang the Emo subculture that rejected the mainstream in favor of independent performances. Additionally this culture allowed individuals to express their societal views with like minded people, creating the activist stance they are known for today. As the popularity of the Emo movement grew it became much more accessible to the mainstream industry. Modern Emo Subculture As a result a re-invention of the music and culture was spawned and became the Modern Emo Subculture. While sharing many traits with the traditional Emo this new subculture embraced the mainstream direction of the Emo-music. In time the modern Emo would drift further from it’s origins and the previously extreme individualism and non-conformist outlook was replaced with the familiar features of a Trend. This change in outlook paved the way for the signature style Emos are known for today as fans of popular Emo bands began to emulate their idols in both dress and style. The modern day Emo has ironically become heavily influenced by mainstream media and popular figures Emo Influences The Seven P’s Marketing to Emos The product we are offering is a clothing range suited to the Emo culture. Product Our product will be differentiated from our competitors in a variety of ways. Our primary method of differentiation will be through the careful establishment of specific product affiliation to key Emo cultural figures and rallying points. We have targeted our approach in this manner to make efficient use of the insular nature of this subculture, making endorsements and sponsorships significantly more effective then those of more traditional consumer bases. The products we offer will also be recognised and differentiated by design. Our products will incorporate patches and logos with popular political, socio-economic and human interest messages much in the same way that many other clothing lines promote bands and groups. It is our belief that the Emo subculture will respond well to the clothing styles with which they are familiar, coupled with the opportunity to express their beliefs and individualism. The price management of the product will be integral to the success of this project Price Entering the Market Place We plan to enter the market in a less traditional manner in order to take advantage of The Emo’s specific traits In the initial stages of our entry to the market we will be undertaking projects to distribute our products at Indie rock music festivals. In particular targeting specific â€Å"up and coming† independent bands and groups Through this we believe we will be able to achieve some portion of the fans devotion to these groups securing customer loyalty while simultaneously achieving our primary goal of brand affiliation. In tandem with this approach we will be selling our products in our own online stores Only after completing our initial placement will our products be offered in retail stores We make this decision with the belief that this approach will generate a sense of exclusivity and hype within the Emo subculture to appeal to the individual nature of our consumer base We are confident that this can be facilitated through the use of social networking sites, in which the Emo subculture is highly active. Promotion is one of the cornerstones of our product implementation plan Promotion In addition to this our clothing range will not be separated into the traditional men’s and women’s categories. Instead we will offer a single androgynous clothing line to match the style and needs of our consumer base. To further facilitate the individuality of the Emo subculture our online stores will allow customers semi-custom design of their purchase through a set selection of logos and logo locations. Allowing customers to choose which message is displayed on what part of their clothing. E. g. A customer may choose to display a pro-vegan logo on the left shoulder or the right breast pocket. We shall be undertaking a number of promotional activities in order to achieve our brand recognition and product affiliation goals. As mentioned in previous sections it is our primary goal to affiliate our products with popular Emo bands and figures, such as Avenged Sevenfold and My Chemical Romance, as well as with key concepts and issues important to the Emo subculture. We can achieve this through advertisement at popular concerts either including the acts directly or through banners and posters Additionally we will be hosting giveaway events at concerts with free t-shirts, jackets and other clothing in order to further promote our brand image within the Emo subculture It is also our intention to host sales stalls at charity events with partial proceeds of these sales being donated to the charity in question. Many charity events are popular within the Emo subculture and this is an important opportunity for our corporation to further its image of sharing the same fundamental values as our consumer base. Of course we will also be implementing advertisement activities though social media such as Facebook and Blogging sites. The Emo culture has an active presence on these sites and it represents a cost effective process of engaging our target market. In our dealings with a characteristically expressive consumer base it is important to ensure enjoyable interactions People By distributing our products through popular Emo retail stores such as we will be ensuring that the staff will be able to relate to the customer This is important within the Emo culture as fashion is treated as a social statement As we will also be selling our products at concerts, music festivals and charity events, it is imperative we employ staff that can understand and relate to the Emo culture. This has the added benefit of requiring less training for these low level retail positions It is important to make the purchasing process an enjoyable experience Process This is especially true when dealing with such a close-knit and outspoken community. With such specialist products word of mouth could make or break. In order to achieve this we will be focusing on our employees being capable of rapport with the customer and individual opinion on choices as well as the implementation of our online customisation options Emos are characterised as creative and expressive, it is our belief that these customisation options and the ability to discuss their choices with like minded individuals will greatly enhance their experience. Depending upon the success of the customisation function we may implement a custom order system for the independent retailers Physical Evidence Cost plus pricing strategy will be used to target segment with high disposable income Through analysis of the physical evidence we will be able to determine the suitability of our product range Joey Keifouz Ronald Mills Peter Whitehead The Emo Tribe Factors which increase subculture influence Emos and the Macro-environment Demographic environment †¢Increasing diversity: the population in Australia s becoming more ethnically diverse, which increases international exposure through personal relationships. Economic environment †¢Increases in consumer spending: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 2. 5% over the previous year, which translates to an increase in total spending of the same amount. Natural environment †¢Environmental sustainability: Our product will be developed using environmentally sustainable resources. Technological environment †¢Manufacturing innovation: technology is constantly increasing manufacturing capabilities and reducing production costs †¢Social media: The advent of social media has increased advertising exposure for many subcultures including Emo. Political and social environment †¢Increased ethical and social responsibility: product designs are politically influenced and promote messages of responsibility. Factors which decrease subculture influence Emos and the Macro-environment Cultural environment †¢View of nature: the increasing amount of the population which believes in natural responsibility will increase the popularity of our product range. Demographic environment †¢Changing age structure: the average age of the Australian population is slowly increasing. The Emo subculture is traditionally comprised of older teens and young adults. This will decrease the available market. Demographic environment (cont. ) †¢Geographical population shifts: populations are moving away from capital cities. This not only decreases exposure to Emo subculture, but also decreases advertising effectiveness. Demographic environment (cont. ) †¢More professional population: The rise of professionalism is likely to reduce the popularity of Emo subculture. Economic environment †¢Changes in consumer spending patterns: retail sales have decreased for 2012, eg. From June sales have dropped by 0. 8% Natural environment †¢Environmental disasters: There is always possibilities of natural disasters such as fire and flood which could damage manufacturing capabilities. Political and social environment †¢Changes in legislation: increasing legal restrictions may influence our products. Eg, legislation which bans public political statements would cause a sharp decrease in sales. Sales data will be collected from retail and online stores Analysis also reveals success rate of marketing strategies towards Emo segment Online â€Å"secret shopper† to obtain consumer perspective on our product range As a subculture based upon a musical genre the â€Å"non-conformist† Emo may indeed be more heavily influenced then thers Influences upon the Modern Day Emo are not limited to that of high profile bands and celebrities In today’s society the Emo is easily recognised by their dark fitted clothing, distinctive hairstyles and overall androgynous approach to fashion. Due to the interconnection of the subculture Emos receive significant influence from their peers resulting in partial feedback causing core issues to self maintain within the s ociety Of this group of peers some Emos have themselves achieved semi-celebrity status as bloggers and rallying points for the Emo subculture How to cite Emo Subculture, Papers

Work for the Dole for Policy

Questions: 1. What is the problem? 2.What presuppositions or assumptions underlie the problem? 3.How has this representation of the problem come about? 4.What is left unproblematic in this problem representation? Where are the silences? 5.What effects are produced by this representation of the problem? 6.How and where has this representation of the problem been produced, disseminated and defended? Answers: 1. As way into the broad topic of the welfare, the youth and unemployment, our practical text is on the work for Dole legislation. Back in 1997 the then minister for schools, Vocational Education and training in the Howard-led coalition government David Kemp, introduced the legislative framework for the work For Dole initiative (Bacchi, 2009). There was introduction of the social security legislation Amendment that was later amended to social security Act. The work for the Dole is an Australian state organizations system, which type a workfare. The system was initially ratified in 1998, obtaining recently been trialed in 1997. This the work seekers could gratify on their common tasks prerequisites. The intent behind the amended of the social security Act was to eliminate on the provisions that hinders a person form being forced to work for the Dole. Next, to originate a maximum variety of hours of work with the dole per fortnight. Finally was to permit all the individuals to get a su pplementary ten dollars per week to be able to handle the additional cost .We can recall that the WPR approach begin at examining what is proposed as a change and the working backwards in order to see how that could constitutes to the problem. In this case, there is removal for the provisions, which prevent an individual from being required to work for the dole in other words the unemployment benefits. Therefore, the problem is constituted to be the ability to access on the benefits of unemployment without being required to work. Note, asking question one is a clarification exercise, thus the answer to this question should be straightforward. The bill that is stipulated which is eligible to the participants will be those that are aged between the ages of 18 to 24 who have been unemployed for the last six months and those that are not in the case management or an employment-training program. The scheme initially included the scope for the older participants. The different kind of the representations in regards to this policy may conflict or even contradict on each other. The aspect of identifying the problem of the unemployment benefit has been a challenging aspect. 2. An understanding of the social relations underpins WFTD. Individuals are to be encouraged to helping themselves and become independent. The labor of some form is thus considered a necessary and a valuable part of character development. The young Australians need to be able to make valuable contribution through a worthy while work experience. The result of this will be a higher self-esteem and a work ethic. Ideally, individuals have to be given real jobs and the performance of some of the kind of work commitment remains the focus and the goal. The conception of the people that is elaborated here is similar to the one in the western Christian society where the aspect of hard work is well entrenched. The references to the governments disciplined approach to the fiscal policy align within this framework, and it suggests that the welfare policy should fit provided the fiscal imperatives. The problem that was identified was the problem and the young and their problems, the WFTD targeted the specific age categories the young individuals that were aged between 18 to 24 years (Carson, Winefield, Waters, and Kerr, 2003). It is not unusual for the policies to be age related (BaCChi, 2010). The WPR draws upon the social constructionist premises; the youth needs to be considered a social contrasted category. There is no universal meaning for the youth but rather the content of the category is determined by aspect of social, cultural and the historical context (Nevile and Nevile, 2003). The youth unemployment has been constituted as a distinct kind of the problem because of the conviction that the character is formed in these years (Bacchi, 2009). It is argued that the young people need to work for them to acquire skills that are portrayed that an person need to improve on the human capital. Nonetheless, there are some presuppositions and assumptions an example in Australia a 16 year old can drive a vehicle but cannot appear in the family court in a case over residency an d cannot make their wishes be known except through an advocate an eighteen year can marry and stand for a political office (Lombardo, Meier and Verloo, 2009). Nonetheless, under the commonwealth government the youth allowance program the same 18 year old is considered to live at home dependent on the parents until age 20. This be seen as a form of the governmental rationality, which is regarded as the though behind the government. 3.There is need to think historically in regards to the concept of unemployment. According to Walters (2001), the issue of the unemployment was more understood as an issue of overpopulation or ascribed to the exogenous elements to the market system. The history needs to be supplemented with recognition that the commitment to the social rights has been hedged with the qualifications and with the critics (Borland and Tseng, 2004). For example, in Australia in 1945 the social security legislation contained a work test, which entailed that the unemployed individuals for them to receive benefits from the government they had to actively look for work. From the history, we can see that the work from the Dole has its own antecedents even through the period it was regarded heyday of the social governance in Australia. There were other dividing practices in work especially only the Aboriginal natives were excluded unless the department was satisfied with them, based on character, intelligence and standard that are qualities that are put in the questions by their formulations as the point of exception to the standard rule (Turnbull, 2013). 4. The problem of the unemployment of youth in Australia is the problem on the concept of work for the Dole policy (Dombos, Krizsn, Verloo and Zentai, 2009). The problem to examine the contribution of the rampant unemployment to the problem of what affects the youth on a daily basis. Nonetheless, the failure to examine on the inadequacies of provision of employment in the case of Aboriginal is a great concern to the government (Edwards, 2010). The argument here is that it is not simply that there is another way to think about the issues but rather on the specific policies, which are constrained by the way, in which the problem is represented. 5. Various effects are produced by the problem of work for the Dole program; one of the effect is that the program is that it does not increase the long-term availability of the jobs. It is only when an extra job become available that individuals who are employed can move into a sustainable employment (Bessant, 2000). Secondly, the program do not provide sufficient opportunity for the skill development to make a big difference to employment prospects for the unemployed. 6. The problem has been produced due to the poor legislative mechanism by the government. The policy has been disseminated from the legislation Act back from 1991 in order to offer people employment opportunities (Bacchi, 2009). The problem exhibited on this case is in regards to the youth and unemployment. The problem that is also exhibited on the employment of the Aboriginal individuals who at the time did not employ them until certain test is accomplished. References Bacchi, C., 2009. 2 The issue of intentionality in frame theory. The Discursive Politics of Gender Equality: Stretching, Bending and Policy-Making, p.19. BaCChi, C., 2010. Gender/ing impact assessment: Can it be made to work?. Welcome to the electronic edition of Mainstreaming Poli-tics. The book opens with the bookmark panel and you will see the contents page. Click on this anytime to return to the contents. You can also add your own bookmarks., p.17. Bessant, J., 2000. Civil conscription or reciprocal obligation: The ethics of'work-for-the-dole'. The Australian Journal of Social Issues, 35(1), p.15. Borland, J. and Tseng, Y.P., 2004. Does' Work for the Dole'work? Carson, E., Winefield, A.H., Waters, L. and Kerr, L., 2003. Work for the Dole: A Pathway to Self-esteem and Employment Commitment, or the Road to Frustration? Youth Studies Australia, 22(4), p.19. Dombos, T., Krizsn, A., Verloo, M. and Zentai, V., 2009, January. Critical frame analysis: A comparative methodology for the QUING Project. In ECPR First European Conference on Politics and Gender (pp. 21-23). Edwards, K., 2010. Social inclusion: Is this a way forward for young people, and should Lombardo, E., Meier, P. and Verloo, M. eds., 2009. The discursive politics of gender equality: stretching, bending and policy-making. Routledge. Nevile, A. and Nevile, J.W., 2003. Work for the dole: Obligation or opportunity. University of New South Wales. Turnbull, N., 2013. The questioning theory of policy practice: Outline of an integrated analytical framework. Critical Policy Studies, 7(2), pp.115-131.

The Ghost Cats Ninth Life Essays - Leopardus, Ocelot,

The Ghost Cats Ninth Life Title: The Ghost Cats Ninth Life Author: Wendy Williams Source: Audobon, July/August 2000 This article, The Ghost Cats Ninth Life, is about the fate of the Ocelot in South Texas. Not much remains of the ocelot. They are a wild member of the cat family; just a little bigger than a big housecat Although scientists know little of this rare and reclusive cat, they have estimated that only about 80 ocelots remain in the United States, mostly on federally reserved land. Ocelots have been listed on the endangered species list since 1982. The primary cause for their decline is thought to be habitat loss; the only area they are known to exist anymore is a small area of the Rio Grande delta at the tip of southern Texas. Ocelots are very tough to observe in their native habitat. Their markings blend nearly perfectly with their environment. Because they are similar in structure to a bobcat, observers often cannot tell from tracks or other evidence whether an observed animal is a bobcat (which are plentiful in the area,) or the rare ocelot. Since 1990 though, a lot more information has been gained about the life of the ocelot. Long ago, the southern most tip of the Rio Grande delta was a beautiful area, lush with native vegetation. In the last 150 years though, this area has become economically depressed. The poorer people that have settled here, took up farming as a means to survive and prosper. Cotton, the crop of choice in this area, has been overgrown and now the previously rich soil is barren. Their cattle and other farm animals have destroyed any remaining vegetation . The ocelot requires low brush cover in order to thrive. Ninety-five percent of their native land cover has been altered. Ocelots have not been able to adapt to the wide open spaces that have resulted from excessive agricultural use. What remains of suitable ocelot habitat is over highly productive farmland. Compounding this problem is that much of the remaining habitat is not interconnected. This means that there is not sufficient room in most of the prime habitat for the species to spread out. The busy highways and roadways of the Rio Grande delta are the ocelots greatest predator. As the ocelot moves about in the remaining habitat, it must cross highways and the success rate has not been good. Since 1994, 10% of ocelot deaths have been due to being hit by vehicles while trying to cross these highways and the state wants to build more. Many people, now aware of the ocelot and their dwindling numbers are beginning to take action. The Texas Department of Transportation has tried to build culverts under the highways for the ocelot to use, but the culverts, being below road grade, filled with rainwater and the cats would not use them. What they need to do is build 3-5 foot box type runways at ground level. This solution would require a lot of money to repeatedly raise the roadway at every location they feel they need to put a runway. The federal government has approved a plan to acquire enough land to double the size of the Altascasa Refuge, the last stronghold of the ocelot. The government has done this by purchasing easements on 108,000 acres of farm/range land. They will restore this land to its natural state. Some large ranch owners are also making efforts to preserve habitat for the ocelot. They have set aside hundreds of acres of their properties to natural vegetation. One of the best hopes for the ocelot habitat is a booming eco-tourism in South Texas. Bird watching in this area now brings in more than 100 million dollars annually for the region. Bird and Breakfasts are springing up all over the area. The fate of the ocelot is one familiar story. Man comes in and uncaringly destroys all the native land in order to prosper. I dont believe this is truly the case though. As the article stated, no one knew much of the ocelot, scientifically, before 1990. By that time, the land had already been converted to agricultural uses and roads had been built. Modern man has a need to thrive also. It is encouraging